![]() The energy of atomic orbitals increases as the principal quantum number, n, increases. The specific arrangement of electrons in orbitals of an atom determines many of the chemical properties of that atom. This allows us to determine which orbitals are occupied by electrons in each atom. Having introduced the basics of atomic structure and quantum mechanics, we can use our understanding of quantum numbers to determine how atomic orbitals relate to one another. Relate electron configurations to element classifications in the periodic table.Identify and explain exceptions to predicted electron configurations for atoms and ions.Derive the predicted ground-state electron configurations of atoms.The periodic table can be divided into three categories based on the orbital in which the last electron to be added is placed: main group elements (s and p orbitals), transition elements (d orbitals), and inner transition elements (f orbitals).īy the end of this section, you will be able to: There are some exceptions to the predicted filling order, particularly when half-filled or completely filled orbitals can be formed. In the periodic table, elements with analogous valence electron configurations usually occur within the same group. Electron configurations and orbital diagrams can be determined by applying the Pauli exclusion principle (no two electrons can have the same set of four quantum numbers) and Hund’s rule (whenever possible, electrons retain unpaired spins in degenerate orbitals).Įlectrons in the outermost orbitals, called valence electrons, are responsible for most of the chemical behavior of elements. ![]() The relative energy of the subshells determine the order in which atomic orbitals are filled (1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, and so on). View available translations of the content. Download the content in PDF, Microsoft Word, or other format. ![]() Questions and Tasks Add a note to the content. Kinetic Molecular Theory, Real GasesĬontent Foreword Atoms Introduction Matter Measurement The Atom Periodic Table Moles & Mass Light Blackbody Radiation, Photoelectric Effect Atomic Spectra, Bohr Model Orbitals & Quantum Numbers Electron Configurations Periodic Trends Molecules Bonding Nomenclature Lewis Structures Part 1 Lewis Structures Part 2 Molecular Shape Polarity Organic Molecules Isomers Valence Bond Theory Molecular Orbital Theory Interactions Pressure & Gas Laws Combined & Ideal Gas Laws Dalton's Law, Graham's Law, Henry's Law Kinetic Molecular Theory, Real Gases Intermolecular Forces Properties of Water Applications of IMF Phase Diagrams Reactions Stoichiometry Limiting Reactants, % Yield % Composition, Empirical Formulas Energy, Heat, and Work Calorimetry Part 1 Calorimetry Part 2 Enthalpy Part 1 Enthalpy Part 2 Entropy Gibb's Free Energy Climate and Human Impacts Search within this publication Search the entire site Blackbody Radiation, Photoelectric Effect ![]()
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